Frame technology came to our country from Europe, although it originated on the American continent in the 17th century, when a massive exodus of migrants from all over the world began to Canada and the United States.. It was then that half-timbered houses appeared, which solved the problem with the lack of building materials and housing shortages..
Peculiarities
The existing stereotype that frame structures are light buildings for summer pastime is refuted by history itself – Canada is located on the same latitude as Siberia and does not have a mild climate.. This means that such houses, by definition, could not be designed for a warm climate..
Therefore, you can safely part with such a delusion and consider frame structures as full-fledged residential buildings for living in them all year round, not only in the Black Sea region, but also in the harsh Siberian conditions..
In the last decade, frame technology for the construction of all-season residential buildings from SIP panels is in increasing demand.. This is due to the relatively inexpensive cost and astonishing speed of building construction. In the process of preparing the panels, mineral wool and wood base are used as insulation.
Mineral wool is valued for its excellent thermal insulation properties, as well as environmental friendliness, which makes it safe for health. In regions with harsh winters, it shows excellent results..
The process of assembling a frame house itself looks like this:
- site preparation;
- arrangement of the foundation;
- organization of the bottom strapping;
- assembly of the frame and SIP panels;
- top strapping, installation of rafters and lathing;
- covering with roofing material;
- flooring, communication lines, interior and exterior finishing works.
Frame houses are much lighter than stone or wooden ones.. The supporting role is played by a frame made of wooden beams, which makes it possible to arrange a shallow or pile grillage foundation. Construction time – 1-3 months, depending on the scope of work.
The walls are made of multilayer panels, the so-called sandwich panels, which are a layered “cake” with 20 cm thick mineral wool insulation, which has a heat transfer resistance of about 4.0 m2 × ° C / W.
This technology serves as a reliable barrier to cold and does not allow moisture and dampness to penetrate into the building. Thermal insulation in frame houses is located both inside and outside.
The increase in the cost of insulating material is fully justified in the northern regions, and even in this case, this type of housing is cheaper than other options.. Another feature of frame houses is their production according to ready-made projects..
However, this should not bother the future owners – during the development of this technology, the Russian construction market has developed many such projects. Therefore, choosing the right option is not difficult, especially since you can always give a finished house individual features with the help of decoration and even landscape design..
The frame method of construction is considered universal, it is used in the construction of baths, outbuildings, country houses, etc.. If all technological conditions are observed, then the service life of such structures can reach hundreds of years, which is very significant for such low costs. The only thing that may have to be done during this time is to change the insulation.
What is especially attractive in frame frames is the rapid heating of the building, which is extremely important for cold regions.. Modern technologies make it possible to hide thermal communications, and this increases the visual attractiveness of the interior – the pipes along the walls are already tired of the order.
Well, and of course, the ability to start finishing work immediately after the completion of the assembly and installation of the roof without the forced waiting for the shrinkage of the building is an important factor..
A favorable microclimate is typical for houses made using frame technology. All thanks to natural “breathable” components from which the structural elements are made. In the frame, freshness remains in the heat, and in frost – warmth.
Large-sized elements of the house allow you to assemble almost “instantly” – building a house in 2-3 weeks can hardly be called anything else. The light weight also makes it possible to speed up and reduce the cost of the foundation construction..
Given that the wooden structure of the building has an increased fire hazard, it is imperative to use fire retardants – means that prevent the possibility of fire, and strict adherence to technology.
Thus, this factor is excluded as much as it is excluded in other technologies. After all, fires also occur in stone buildings, it all depends on the owners’ adequate attitude to their own dwellings..
It is most correct if specialists will be engaged in the assembly of the frame house, having sufficient experience in working with similar technologies.. Otherwise, inaccuracies in the assembly may be made. Even small deviations will lead to significant deterioration in the quality of operation – heat loss, leaks, etc. The thickness of the walls is determined by climatic conditions, design features, the quality of the insulation, the width of the ventilation gaps (30-50 mm), the number of interlayers in SIP panels.
Affect thickness and other indicators.
- Decoration Materials – their thickness can be several millimeters (metal profile) and several centimeters (OSB – oriented strand board, DSP – cement strand board).
- Mineral insulation thickness – it is determined by climatic conditions, seasonality of use and can range from 50 mm in summer cottages to 150 mm or more for permanent use. Moreover, in regions with a cold climate, the insulation is laid in 2 layers, which also affects the thickness of the wall, almost doubling it..
- Internal wall cladding – a block house or thinner materials can be used for it – plywood, MDF, gypsum board, etc..
Projects overview
It should be noted that there are many frame technologies for the construction of residential buildings, and they all have distinctive features. However, high-quality houses built using various technologies are visually almost the same.. Projects of frame winter houses are distinguished by the same variety as summer ones..
There is only a slight difference – as a rule, the number of storeys of such buildings does not exceed two levels.. The basement or basement floor can play the role of the third floor. However, their organization will significantly increase construction costs, so such layouts are much less common. Common practice is one-story or two-story buildings.
One-story
It is much more convenient for elderly people and young children to live in one-story buildings – all rooms are safe and on the same level. Modern technologies have long ago solved the problem of comfort. Elite private houses on land are provided with the same amenities as comfortable apartments.
The houses have toilets and water supply, boilers provide hot water. In order to accommodate all the necessary living and utility rooms in a one-story house, it needs a rather large size, but if the family is small, 2-4 people, then there are no problems with size.
For example, a house with dimensions of 13.5×9 m contains all the necessary rooms:
- kitchen;
- living room;
- 3 bedrooms, two of which can be children.
In addition, the house has a utility block with a separate entrance, a sauna, a bathroom, a shower room and a hallway. As you can see, such a project provides all the conditions for a comfortable stay of the owners. However, even in a smaller house, you can create not the worst living conditions. Make a combined kitchen-living room, get by with a combined bathroom, where there is enough space for a shower, and install a washing machine in the kitchen.
There are many options, the main rule here is a competent and thoughtful approach to design.
Two-story
It is generally accepted that two-story winter frame frames are installed only when necessary: when a plot of land has limited dimensions, for example, a 5×6 building requires a second level. However, this has long become not a prerequisite.. In suburban settlements, plots are cut into large ones, but 2-storey houses are found everywhere.. They look more prestigious, more stylish and original. With the exception of stairs, comfort in such buildings is of an increased level, because the house has much more space than a 1-storey one..
On the ground floor there are: an entrance hall with a vestibule, a boiler room, a bathroom, a bedroom. In order not to limit the space, the kitchen with the second exit can be combined with the living room, visually highlighting the dining area. It will also serve as the border between the cooking and recreation areas. Thus, the effect of freedom is achieved, because one half of the floor has no partitions. On the second floor, you can place three rooms, a bathroom, a dressing room and a hall in the area of \ u200b \ u200bthe stairs.
Design Tips
Before giving advice on the design of a frame house, you need to clarify that inside they are no different from other residential buildings. Of course, if the owner of the house is an ardent fan of chalets or Scandinavian styles, you can focus on wood:
- wooden beams;
- timber floors in plain sight;
- flooring made of natural board or its imitation;
- the presence of wild stone, for example in the facing of the fireplace, natural shades in the setting, etc..
However, these styles are not the most common – not every family feels comfortable in such dwellings.. Many are much closer to modern, classic styles, Provence or Art Nouveau. To design a frame house of permanent residence in such styles, a system of suspended or stretch ceilings is used. The walls are covered with wallpaper or prepared for painting (today it is very popular).
Parquet or laminate is used as flooring in living rooms, linoleum – in the kitchen, corridor, tiles – in the bathroom and toilets. There are many types of materials, the industry offers both artificial and natural coatings.
As decorative elements, it is most correct to use those that are most suitable for the chosen style..
Examples of
Budget frame project with an attic 160.16 sq. m
The layout of the house provides for:
- vestibule and hall;
- boiler room and bathroom;
- kitchen, living room, bedroom, study.
The house is plastered outside, the basement is finished with stone, which can be covered with a special varnish for beauty. The weight of the house allows you to arrange a pile-grillage foundation. Gable roof and PVC windows.
Premium frame house 13.8 x 15.2 m
The total area of the house is 307.3 square meters. The house has 4 bedrooms and 5 bathrooms – if desired, their number can be reduced by replacing them with a laundry room, a dryer. The house looks stylish and is built in a modern style. Panoramic windows provide the building with plenty of natural light. The house has a built-in garage for 1 car.
Magnificent two-storey house with a total area of 314 m2
The dimensions of the house are 13.1 x 13.3 m, the area of the spacious terrace is 18.28 sq. m. The house has 4 bedrooms and 3 bathrooms. The building has two exits to the street – one from the facade, the other from the back of the house. Attached to the house is a garage for one car.
Spacious Mediterranean style mansion with an area of 322.5 sq. m.
The layout of the house includes 4 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms. A spacious garage for two cars is attached to the house. There are two exits from the house, one of them is located from the facade, the other leads to the backyard. On the ground floor there is a kitchen combined with a living room, in which a dining area is highlighted.
